English Content

First National Education Policy – 1968

India’s first National Policy on Education (NPE) was adopted in 1968. It was based on the recommendations of the Kothari Commission (1964–66) chaired by Dr. D.S. Kothari. It was the first comprehensive attempt to restructure the education system after independence, aiming at national progress, cultural integration, and equal opportunities.

India’s first National Policy on Education (NPE) was adopted in 1968, based on the recommendations of the Kothari Commission (1964–66) chaired by Dr. D.S. Kothari. It was the first comprehensive attempt to restructure the education system after independence, aiming at national progress, cultural integration, and equal opportunities.

1. Free and Compulsory Education : Education for children aged 6–14 years was proposed to be free and compulsory, in line with Article 45 of the Constitution, ensuring universal access to elementary education.

Education for children aged 6–14 years was proposed to be free and compulsory, in line with Article 45 of the Constitution, ensuring universal access to elementary education.

1. Three-Language Formula : The policy recommended the three-language formula:

•First language: Regional language or mother tongue

•Second language: Hindi or English (depending on region)

•Third language: English or another Indian language

This was meant to promote national unity while respecting linguistic diversity, though it faced opposition in states like Tamil Nadu.

The policy recommended the three-language formula:

•First language: Regional language or mother tongue

•Second language: Hindi or English (depending on region)

•Third language: English or another Indian language

This was meant to promote national unity while respecting linguistic diversity, though it faced opposition in states like Tamil Nadu.

1. Teacher Education and Welfare

Teachers were recognized as the backbone of the system, and the policy emphasized:

•Better salaries and working conditions

•Strong teacher training programs

•Regular in-service training opportunities

Teachers were recognized as the backbone of the system, and the policy emphasized:

•Better salaries and working conditions

•Strong teacher training programs

•Regular in-service training opportunities

Hindi Content

प्रथम राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति – 1968 (First National Education Policy – 1968)

भारत की पहली राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति (NPE) सन् 1968 में लागू हुई। यह नीति डॉ. द.स. कोठारी की अध्यक्षता वाले कोठारी आयोग (1964–66) की सिफारिशों पर आधारित थी। स्वतंत्रता के बाद यह शिक्षा प्रणाली को नया ढांचा देने का पहला व्यापक प्रयास था। इसका उद्देश्य राष्ट्रीय प्रगति, सांस्कृतिक एकता और समान अवसर प्रदान करना था।

India’s first National Policy on Education (NPE) was adopted in 1968, based on the recommendations of the Kothari Commission (1964–66) chaired by Dr. D.S. Kothari. It was the first comprehensive attempt to restructure the education system after independence, aiming at national progress, cultural integration, and equal opportunities.

1. निःशुल्क और अनिवार्य शिक्षा (Free and Compulsory Education) : 6 से 14 वर्ष तक के बच्चों को निःशुल्क और अनिवार्य शिक्षा देने का प्रावधान किया गया। यह अनुच्छेद 45 के अनुरूप था, जो प्रत्येक बच्चे को प्राथमिक शिक्षा का अधिकार देता है।

Education for children aged 6–14 years was proposed to be free and compulsory, in line with Article 45 of the Constitution, ensuring universal access to elementary education.

1. तीन भाषा सूत्र (Three-Language Formula) : नीति ने स्कूलों में तीन भाषा सूत्र अपनाने की सिफारिश की:

• पहली भाषा: क्षेत्रीय भाषा या मातृभाषा

• दूसरी भाषा: हिंदी या अंग्रेजी (क्षेत्रीय आधार पर)

• तीसरी भाषा: अंग्रेजी या अन्य भारतीय भाषा

इसका उद्देश्य राष्ट्रीय एकता को बढ़ाना और भाषाई विविधता को मान्यता देना था।

हालांकि तमिलनाडु जैसे राज्यों में इसका विरोध हुआ।

The policy recommended the three-language formula:

•First language: Regional language or mother tongue

•Second language: Hindi or English (depending on region)

•Third language: English or another Indian language

This was meant to promote national unity while respecting linguistic diversity, though it faced opposition in states like Tamil Nadu.

1. शिक्षक शिक्षा और कल्याण (Teacher Education and Welfare)

शिक्षकों को शिक्षा प्रणाली का आधार मानते हुए नीति ने यह प्रावधान किया:

• उचित वेतन और कार्य परिस्थितियाँ

• उच्च स्तरीय प्रशिक्षण कार्यक्रम

• सेवा के दौरान प्रशिक्षण (in-service training)

Teachers were recognized as the backbone of the system, and the policy emphasized:

•Better salaries and working conditions

•Strong teacher training programs

•Regular in-service training opportunities