Nobel Prize in Science 2024-25

Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2023?
a) Alain Aspect
b) Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, Anne L’Huillier
c) Syukuro Manabe
d) Giorgio Parisi
✅ b) Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, Anne L’Huillier
Explanation: They were awarded for producing attosecond light pulses used to study electron dynamics.

C.V. Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in:
a) Chemistry
b) Physics
c) Medicine
d) Peace
✅ b) Physics
Explanation: He received the 1930 Nobel Prize for discovering the Raman Effect.

Which field does not have a Nobel Prize?
a) Chemistry
b) Medicine
c) Mathematics
d) Physics
✅ c) Mathematics
Explanation: There is no Nobel Prize in Mathematics; the Fields Medal is a separate recognition.

The first Indian to win a Nobel Prize in science was:
a) Hargobind Khorana
b) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
c) C.V. Raman
d) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
✅ c) C.V. Raman
Explanation: He won the Physics Nobel in 1930 for his work on light scattering.

The Nobel Prizes were first awarded in:
a) 1895
b) 1901
c) 1921
d) 1930
✅ b) 1901
Explanation: The inaugural Nobel Prizes were given in 1901.

Nobel Prize in Medicine 2023 was awarded for:
a) Genetic engineering
b) mRNA vaccine research
c) Human genome sequencing
d) Stem cell therapy
✅ b) mRNA vaccine research
Explanation: Drew Weissman and Katalin Karikó enabled mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.

Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2023?
a) Carolyn Bertozzi
b) Alexei Ekimov, Louis Brus, Moungi Bawendi
c) Emmanuelle Charpentier
d) Svante Pääbo
✅ b) Alexei Ekimov, Louis Brus, Moungi Bawendi
Explanation: They were recognized for their work on quantum dots.

Which scientist received the Nobel for the photoelectric effect?
a) Rutherford
b) Max Planck
c) Albert Einstein
d) Marie Curie
✅ c) Albert Einstein
Explanation: Einstein was awarded in 1921 for this foundational quantum discovery.

On which date are Nobel Prizes presented?
a) October 2
b) November 11
c) December 10
d) January 1
✅ c) December 10
Explanation: They are presented on the death anniversary of Alfred Nobel.

Nobel Prize in Medicine is awarded by:
a) Royal Society
b) WHO
c) Karolinska Institute
d) Swedish Parliament
✅ c) Karolinska Institute
Explanation: This Stockholm-based medical university awards the Medicine Nobel.

Who invented dynamite and founded the Nobel Prizes?
a) Alexander Graham Bell
b) Alfred Nobel
c) Thomas Edison
d) Michael Faraday
✅ b) Alfred Nobel
Explanation: Nobel used his wealth from dynamite patents to endow the prizes.

Which organization awards the Physics and Chemistry Nobels?
a) Royal Society of London
b) UNESCO
c) Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
d) Nobel Committee
✅ c) Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Explanation: It selects laureates in Physics and Chemistry.

Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in which city?
a) Oslo
b) Stockholm
c) Geneva
d) Paris
✅ a) Oslo
Explanation: All other Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden.

Marie Curie won her second Nobel Prize in which field?
a) Physics
b) Chemistry
c) Medicine
d) Peace
✅ b) Chemistry
Explanation: She won the 1911 Chemistry Nobel for discovering polonium and radium.

Hargobind Khorana won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for:
a) Cloning
b) DNA structure
c) Decoding the genetic code
d) CRISPR
✅ c) Decoding the genetic code
Explanation: In 1968, he shared the Nobel for interpreting genetic information in cells.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar received the Nobel for work on:
a) Black holes
b) Atomic structure
c) Climate change
d) Vaccines
✅ a) Black holes
Explanation: In 1983, he was awarded for theoretical studies of stellar structure and evolution.

What is the cash prize component of the Nobel funded by?
a) Swedish taxes
b) Private donations
c) Alfred Nobel’s endowment
d) UN funding
✅ c) Alfred Nobel’s endowment
Explanation: Nobel set aside his fortune for this purpose in his will.

Which Indian-origin scientist won Nobel in Chemistry for ribosome research?
a) S. Chandrasekhar
b) Har Gobind Khorana
c) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
d) Jagadish Chandra Bose
✅ c) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Explanation: He was awarded in 2009 for revealing ribosome structure.

Who won the Nobel in Chemistry in 2020 for CRISPR gene editing?
a) Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna
b) Svante Pääbo
c) Carolyn Bertozzi
d) Frances Arnold
✅ a) Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna
Explanation: They developed a method for genome editing.

What is the maximum number of people who can share a Nobel Prize?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) Unlimited
✅ b) 3
Explanation: A Nobel Prize can be shared by up to three individuals.

Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2022?
a) Katalin Karikó
b) Svante Pääbo
c) Gregg Semenza
d) Drew Weissman
✅ b) Svante Pääbo
Explanation: For his work on ancient DNA and human evolution.

What scientific field did Wilhelm Röntgen pioneer to earn a Nobel?
a) Electromagnetism
b) Thermodynamics
c) X-rays
d) Radio waves
✅ c) X-rays
Explanation: He received the first Physics Nobel in 1901.

The Nobel Prize is not awarded posthumously unless:
a) The award is anonymous
b) The person dies after the announcement
c) Their family applies
d) They were recommended earlier
✅ b) The person dies after the announcement
Explanation: If the person dies after being announced, the award still proceeds.

Who is the only woman to win Nobel Prizes in two different sciences?
a) Dorothy Hodgkin
b) Marie Curie
c) Barbara McClintock
d) Rosalind Franklin
✅ b) Marie Curie
Explanation: Physics in 1903 and Chemistry in 1911.

Indian-origin Nobel laureate in Physics for stellar evolution:
a) Homi Bhabha
b) C.V. Raman
c) S. Chandrasekhar
d) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
✅ c) S. Chandrasekhar
Explanation: He predicted the Chandrasekhar limit for stars.

The youngest Nobel laureate in any science field is:
a) Malala Yousafzai
b) William Lawrence Bragg
c) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
d) Svante Pääbo
✅ b) William Lawrence Bragg
Explanation: He won Physics Nobel at age 25 in 1915.

CRISPR-Cas9 is used in:
a) Data encryption
b) Genome editing
c) Vaccine development
d) Nanotechnology
✅ b) Genome editing
Explanation: It cuts DNA at precise locations.

Alfred Nobel’s nationality was:
a) British
b) German
c) Swedish
d) Swiss
✅ c) Swedish
Explanation: He was a chemist and engineer from Sweden.

What does the Nobel diploma contain?
a) A gold seal
b) The award citation
c) Laureate’s signature
d) Portrait of Nobel
✅ b) The award citation
Explanation: It describes the reasons for awarding the prize.

Which of these Nobel Prizes is awarded by the Norwegian Nobel Committee?
a) Physics
b) Chemistry
c) Peace
d) Literature
✅ c) Peace
Explanation: Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, by a Norwegian committee.

The Nobel Medal for Peace shows:
a) The UN logo
b) A dove
c) Alfred Nobel’s image
d) A globe
✅ c) Alfred Nobel’s image
Explanation: All medals feature a profile of Alfred Nobel.

Who won the Nobel Prize for the structure of DNA?
a) Crick and Watson
b) Curie and Rutherford
c) Einstein and Bohr
d) Faraday and Hertz
✅ a) Crick and Watson
Explanation: They shared the 1962 Nobel with Maurice Wilkins.

The Nobel Prize was established in the will of Alfred Nobel in:
a) 1875
b) 1895
c) 1905
d) 1910
✅ b) 1895
Explanation: He wrote the will a year before his death.

How many Nobel Prizes are awarded each year (typically)?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 6
d) 7
✅ c) 6
Explanation: In Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was started in:
a) 1901
b) 1969
c) 1980
d) 2000
✅ b) 1969
Explanation: It was not part of the original five prizes.

Who is the first woman to win the Nobel Prize?
a) Rosalind Franklin
b) Marie Curie
c) Lise Meitner
d) Dorothy Hodgkin
✅ b) Marie Curie
Explanation: She shared the 1903 Physics Nobel with her husband.

What is the Nobel Prize medal made of?
a) Silver
b) Gold-plated copper
c) 18-carat recycled gold
d) Bronze
✅ c) 18-carat recycled gold
Explanation: Since 2015, medals are made of ethically sourced gold.

What is the official language of Nobel Prize announcements?
a) English
b) French
c) Swedish
d) Latin
✅ c) Swedish
Explanation: Announcements are made in Swedish, except Peace Prize (Norwegian).

Kary Mullis won the Chemistry Nobel in 1993 for:
a) CRISPR
b) PCR technique
c) Photosynthesis model
d) Superconductors
✅ b) PCR technique
Explanation: He developed the polymerase chain reaction method.

Who discovered radioactivity but didn’t win a Nobel?
a) Henri Becquerel
b) Rutherford
c) Edison
d) Rosalind Franklin
✅ d) Rosalind Franklin
Explanation: She contributed to DNA research but passed away before receiving recognition.

For which of the following is Nobel Prize in Medicine not awarded?
a) Organ transplantation
b) Public health policies
c) Genetics
d) Immunology
✅ b) Public health policies
Explanation: Nobel recognitions are for specific discoveries, not policy work.

Indian-origin scientist awarded Nobel for genome structure?
a) Jagdish Chandra Bose
b) C.V. Raman
c) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
d) S. Chandrasekhar
✅ c) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Explanation: He worked on ribosome structure, key to protein synthesis.

What field did Svante Pääbo help develop?
a) Artificial intelligence
b) Quantum computing
c) Paleogenomics
d) Virology
✅ c) Paleogenomics
Explanation: He reconstructed Neanderthal genomes.

Alfred Nobel’s profession was:
a) Doctor
b) Lawyer
c) Chemist and engineer
d) Politician
✅ c) Chemist and engineer
Explanation: He held 355 patents, including dynamite.

Which type of discoveries are NOT eligible for Nobel Prize in Medicine?
a) Human biology
b) Surgical techniques
c) Veterinary science
d) Molecular genetics
✅ c) Veterinary science
Explanation: The prize is reserved for contributions to human health.

Emmanuelle Charpentier belongs to which country?
a) France
b) Germany
c) UK
d) Canada
✅ a) France
Explanation: She co-discovered CRISPR-Cas9 with Jennifer Doudna (USA).

Which scientist won the Nobel Prize posthumously after announcement?
a) Rosalind Franklin
b) Marie Curie
c) Ralph Steinman
d) Har Gobind Khorana
✅ c) Ralph Steinman
Explanation: He died days before announcement; committee proceeded as unaware.

Which Nobel laureate developed the polio vaccine?
a) Albert Sabin
b) Jonas Salk
c) Alexander Fleming
d) Paul Ehrlich
✅ d) Paul Ehrlich
Explanation: None of the polio vaccine developers received the Nobel. (Trick question.)

Indian-origin Nobel laureate born in Tamil Nadu?
a) Homi Bhabha
b) Har Gobind Khorana
c) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
d) S. Chandrasekhar
✅ d) S. Chandrasekhar
Explanation: Born in Lahore but family roots in Tamil Nadu.

Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the:
a) UN
b) Royal Society
c) Nobel Foundation
d) European Union
✅ c) Nobel Foundation
Explanation: Administers finances and processes related to the awards.