Industry
Industry refers to the secondary sector of the economy—concerned with the manufacturing and production of goods and services.
- It plays a crucial role in increasing GDP, employment, and exports.
📌 BPSC PYQ (65th): Which sector is known as the Secondary Sector? → Industry
Classification of Industries
Based on Size
- Large-Scale Industries: Heavy investment and machinery-intensive
➤ e.g., Iron & Steel, Automobiles, Refineries - Small-Scale Industries: Labour-intensive, low investment
➤ e.g., Handicrafts, Agro-based units
Based on Ownership
- Public Sector: Government-owned (e.g., BHEL, SAIL)
- Private Sector: Individually/company-owned (e.g., Reliance, TATA)
- Joint Sector: Public + Private (e.g., Maruti Udyog)
Based on Output Use
- Basic Industries: Provide raw materials (e.g., Steel, Cement)
- Consumer Industries: Provide finished goods (e.g., Textile, Food Processing)
Major Industries in India
- Iron & Steel – Bhilai, Rourkela, Jamshedpur, Bokaro
- Textiles – Ahmedabad, Surat, Tiruppur, Patna
- Sugar – Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar
- Cement – MP, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu
- Petrochemicals & Refineries – Jamnagar, Panipat, Mumbai
- IT & Electronics – Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Noida
Major Industrial Regions
- Mumbai–Pune Belt
- Chhota Nagpur Plateau (Ruhr of India)
- Bengaluru–Tamil Nadu Region
- Delhi–Meerut Region
- Hugli Industrial Region
📌 BPSC PYQ (64th): Why is Chhota Nagpur Plateau industrially developed? → Mineral resources
Industries in Bihar
Sectoral Share (2023–24)
- Industry contributes 21.5% of Bihar’s GSDP
➤ Construction: 50.2% of secondary sector
➤ Manufacturing: 37% of secondary sector
Employment Share
- Secondary sector employs 25.9% of Bihar’s workforce
➤ Construction alone: 18.6%
Key Industrial Areas & Units
- Sugar Industry: Hajipur, Gopalganj, Motihari
- Textile & Silk: Bhagalpur, Gaya
- Leather: Patna, Muzaffarpur, Kansari
- Handicrafts: Madhubani paintings, Sikki grass, Tikuli art
- Food Processing: Rajgir, Muzaffarpur, Patna
Industrial Infrastructure
- Bihta Dry Port (ICD): Boost to logistics & exports (2024)
- IT Park, Bihta: 25-acre upcoming tech hub
- Munger–Jamalpur: Railway coach & gun factory
Revival Focus
- Plans to revive defunct sugar and paper mills in Mithila region
📌 CDPO 2022: Major industry in Bhagalpur? → Silk
Budget and Economic Survey
Union Budget 2024–25 (India)
- Capital expenditure: ₹11.1 lakh crore (+11%)
- Focus on industrial corridors, infrastructure, and employment
Economic Survey of India 2023–24
- Industry contributes ~26% of national GDP
- MSME sector: 30% of GDP, 48% of exports, 11 crore jobs
Bihar Budget 2024–25
- GSDP: ₹9.76 lakh crore (+13.5%)
- Industrial sector: 21.5% of GSDP
- Revenue receipts: ₹2.27 lakh crore
- Fiscal deficit: 8.9% (RE 2023–24), target: 3%
- Focus on:
➤ Cold Storage in every subdivision
➤ Entrepreneurship, Jeevika, SHG support
Bihar Budget 2025–26
- Projected GSDP: ₹10.97 lakh crore (+22%)
- Revenue surplus: 0.8% of GSDP
- Capital outlay: ₹40,532 crore
- Own tax revenue: ₹59,520 crore (+10%)
Labour and Employment
- LFPR (Bihar): 43.4% (National Avg: 56%)
➤ Male: 70.6%, Female: 15.6% - Unemployment Rate: 3.4% (India: 3.2%)
- Youth (15–29 yrs) Urban Unemployment: 10.8%
Investment and Industrial Performance
- Investment in Bihar industries: ₹75,294 crore
- Growth:
➤ Micro industries: +135% investment, +107% jobs
➤ Large units: +131% investment, +187% jobs - Mining sector: 9% growth
- Transport: 7.6% growth — 3rd highest in India
Schemes Supporting Industries
- Make in India – Manufacturing & FDI
- Start-Up India – Entrepreneurship support
- PLI Scheme – Performance Linked Incentives
- MSME Schemes – Credit & skill training
- UDYAM Portal – MSME registration
PMFME Scheme (Food Processing)
- Bihar ranked #1 in India (2024–25)
➤ 10,296 beneficiaries approved
➤ 6,589 disbursed loans
➤ 35% subsidy (up to ₹10 lakh)
Key Points for BPSC Prelims
- Bihar's industry share in GSDP = 21.5%
- Construction dominates Bihar’s industry
- PMFME scheme: Bihar ranked 1st in 2024–25
- Bihta Dry Port & IT Park: boost to exports & jobs
- Bhagalpur: Bihar’s silk capital
- LFPR (Bihar): 43.4% → low female participation