- India-based Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) shipped the first Akash weapon system battery to , making it the second missile system to be exported. (After BrahMos to the Philippines in 2022).
- is now the of India’s finished defense equipment. Also the first export customer of Pinaka guided multi-barrel rocket.
- finalized text of a Peace Agreement to end hostilities over Nagorno-Karabakh.
- Lachin Corridor (Azerbaijan) is part of linking it to the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region via Armenia.
- Zangezur Corridor (Armenia) is a proposed route linking Azerbaijan mainland to its Nakhchivan exclave, bypassing Armenia’s Syunik province. (Zangezur is part of Armenia.)
- Armenia became the 104th full member of the International Solar Alliance.
- Combined Maritime Forces — World’s largest multinational naval partnership, based in .
- Indian businessman received Bahrain’s topmost award.
- (Retd. SC Judge) appointed member of Bahrain International Commercial Court.
- Chang’e-7 Lunar Mission of China includes & as partners. (Mission aims to find water ice on moon’s South Pole.) Bahrain also signed the Artemis Accord.
- Exercise Aras-2025 — Iran-Azerbaijan joint special forces drill.
- Security Belt 2025 — Iran-Russia-China joint naval drill in the Gulf of Oman.
- Iran launched Chamran-1 Research Satellite using Qaem-100 Rocket.
- Suicide drone Shahed-136B and ballistic missile Jihad unveiled by Iran.
- Kowsar & Hodhod satellites launched by Russian Soyuz 2.1.
- Iran’s Ghassem Basir — a ballistic missile.
- Iran joined BRICS on Jan 1, 2024.
- Became 9th member of SCO during India’s 2023 presidency.
- Iran launched missiles: Etemad (ballistic) and Ghadr 380 (anti-ship cruise).
- Fatemeh Mohajerani — Iran’s first female government spokesperson.
- April 28 declared National Mourning Day post Shahid Rajaee Port blast.
- Jafar Panahi won Palme d’Or at 78th Cannes for It was just an accident.
- Bandar Abbas Port — Iran’s largest; in news after chemical blast.
- President Ibrahim Raisi died in a crash; succeeded by Masoud Pezeshkian. Nitin Gadkari attended swearing-in.
- VP Javad Zarif resigned over cabinet issues.
- India & Iran signed a 10-year agreement for Shahid Beheshti Terminal at Chabahar Port.
- Hamas political chief Ismail Haniyeh killed in Tehran.
- Operation Gideon’s Chariots by Israel against Hamas.
- Operation New Order by Israel killed Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah.
- Operation Northern Arrows by Israel against Hezbollah in Lebanon.
- Book: Israel War Diary — Author: Vishal Pandey.
- Israel–India launched a new Water Tech Centre at IIT Madras.
- UNIFIL (since 1978) monitors peace along the Blue Line (Israel–Lebanon).
- Israel declared UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres as Persona Non Grata.
- Israel approved a bill to label UNRWA as a terrorist org.
- Philadelphi Corridor (14 km) — Gaza-Egypt border strip; demilitarized post 2005.
- Yahya Sinwar, Hamas Chief, mastermind of Al-Aqsa Flood, killed by Israel.
- Israel developed PyPIM (Python Processing in Memory).
- Israel Embassy joined Million Miyawaki afforestation project.
- Israel launched $1.4B National Food Security Strategy.
- HAROP — Suicide/Kamikaze drone by Israel.
- US to send THAAD missile defense system to Israel.
- Argentina’s President Javier Milei received Genesis Prize; visited Israel.
- Israel captured Morag Axis, linking Rafah & Khan Yunis.
- Jitendra Pal Singh appointed India’s new Ambassador to Israel.
- Adani Group & Israel to set up Semiconductor Plant at Panvel.
- Nicaragua severed diplomatic ties with Israel.
- Israel became ADB’s 69th member (20th non-regional).
- Camp David Accord (1978) — Peace between Israel & Egypt under Jimmy Carter.
- First country declared Leprosy-free by WHO.
- King Abdullah appointed Jafar Hassan as new PM.
- PM Modi received Order of Mubarak Al-Kabeer, Kuwait’s highest civilian honour.
- 130 million-year-old mosquito fossil found in Lebanon (Cretaceous period).
- Army Chief Joseph Aoun became President; Nawaf Salam appointed PM.
- India sent 33 million tonnes of humanitarian aid to Lebanon.
- Sheikh Naim Qassem became new Hezbollah Chief.
- UAE launched “UAE Stands With Lebanon” campaign.
- 8th Indian Ocean Conference held in Muscat (Theme: Maritime Partnership).
- Cyclone Remal — Named by Oman (means “sand”).
- India-Oman exercises: Al-Najah (Military), Naseem Al Bahr (Navy), Eastern Bridge (Air).
- INS Teg rescued crew from capsized tanker near Oman.
- 2nd World Summit for Social Development (WSSD2) — Doha, Nov 2025.
- Largest LNG supplier to India. (US now 2nd).
- Amir Shaikh Tamim met PM Modi in Delhi.
- Qatar resumed ties with Syria after 13 years.
- Cyclone Dana — Named by Qatar (means “generosity”).
- Samar Abu Elouf, Doha-based Palestinian photographer, won World Press Photo 2025.
- Saudi & France co-chaired UN conference on Israel-Palestine Two-State solution.
- TOURISE Summit 2025 — Riyadh.
- First India-GCC FM meeting held in Riyadh.
- India–Saudi signed Haj Agreement 2024 in Jeddah.
- First Miss Universe participation — Rumy Alqahtani (Miss Universe 2024: Victoria Theilvig, Denmark).
- Dream of the Desert — First luxury train: Riyadh to Al Qurayyat.
- Cyclone Fengal — Named by Saudi (means “Indifferent” in Arabic).
- ODOP Wall inaugurated in Riyadh by Piyush Goyal.
- Future Minerals Forum 2025 — Riyadh.
- Pravasi Parichay — Culture showcase in Saudi.
- PM Modi & Mohammed bin Salman met in Jeddah.
- Aramco & FIFA signed a global partnership.
- Al-Natah — Bronze Age town discovered in Saudi’s Khyber Oasis.
- UNCCD COP16 (2024) — Hosted in Riyadh. Theme: Our Land. Our Future.
- FIFA World Cup 2034 — First time in Saudi (48-team, single host).
- Olympic Esports Games 2027 — To be held in Saudi.
- World Expo 2030 — Riyadh.
- Maysaa Sabrine — First female Central Bank Governor.
- Ahmed al-Sharaa — Interim President of Syria.
- Trump revoked all US sanctions on Syria.
- Exercise Desert Knight — India-UAE-France trilateral air exercise.
- Global Justice, Love and Peace Summit — Dubai. Theme: One Planet, One Voice.
- World Government Summit 2024 — Dubai. Theme: Shaping Future Governments.
- World Future Energy Summit — Abu Dhabi.
- 2025 declared Year of Community in UAE. Slogan: Hand in Hand.
- Blue Residency Visa — 10-year visa for environmental contributors.
- UAE launched 3D Printed Abra — wooden boat innovation.
- Barakah Nuclear Plant — Arab world’s first nuclear plant.
- World Free Zones Organization — 10th edition held in Dubai.
- 13th WTO Ministerial Conf. 2024 — Abu Dhabi. (Comoros & Timor-Leste joined WTO).
- Crown Prince visited India. MoUs: Nuclear, Public Sector Auditing. IIT Delhi–Abu Dhabi campus inaugurated.
- CBSE opened first overseas Regional Office in Dubai.
- Study in India campaign launched at Sharjah Education Show.
- Symbiosis University opened overseas campus in Dubai.
- 2nd AYUSH Conference — Dubai. Theme: NCDs.
- UAE removed from FATF Grey List.
- Life Protection Plan for Indian blue-collar workers in UAE.
- Golden Visa awarded to Anand Kumar (Super 30) & Rajnikanth.
- Ancient Pearl City Tu’am discovered.
- World Green Economy Forum — Dubai. Theme: Empowering Global Actions.
- SteelFab 2024 exhibition — Sharjah.
- Raisina Middle East Conference — Abu Dhabi. S. Jaishankar attended.
- UAE is second-largest source of remittances to India (after US).
- UAE to lead INTERPOL Governance Committee.
- UAE joined BRICS in 2024 (with Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia).
- Saleh Saleh Bin Braikas — New PM of Yemen; longest-serving Finance Minister.
- Taliban suspended chess from Afghanistan, citing concerns that the game may promote gambling, forbidden in Islamic law.
- Afghanistan A men's cricket won the by defeating .
- India donated to Afghanistan.
- India imposed restrictions on the entry of and other products.
- Indian Coast Guard released from sunken fishing boat “Kaushik”.
- Bangladesh to remove the words from its constitution.
- is designated as .
- Bangladesh signed the with the US as .
- is the current chair of BIMSTEC.
- All the members of the Bangladesh National Human Rights Commission resigned.
- – Bangladesh.
- by targeted loyalists of , in response to violence in Gazipur.
- Bangladesh formed the , led by .
- Nepal will export electricity to Bangladesh via , with metering in Muzaffarpur.
- Baisabi festival in .
- used for paddy storage in Bangladesh.
- – Appointed as head of + for Gramin Bank + Army Chief took control after resigned.
- – Chief Justice of Bangladesh.
- Colombo Security Conclave welcomed Bangladesh as (after India, Mauritius, Maldives, Sri Lanka).
- Bhutan launched the .
- won .
- – PM of Bhutan.
- First on at .
- Adani Power to install in Bhutan.
- S. Jaishankar inaugurated the in Maldives.
- India & Maldives renewed MoU to train .
- India extended to Maldives.
- named found in Maldives.
- India & Maldives agreed to .
- PM Modi handed over built with Indian support.
- President Mohamed Muizu visited India — Adopted + Rupay Card launched + Port at , new runway at , currency swap under , new consulates at + Led during elections.
- Maldives Foreign Minister – visited India in .
- First in Kathmandu.
- World’s largest by Hindus in Nepal.
- in Nepal for children under age 14.
- – Youngest to climb world’s 14 highest mountains (concluded at ).
- President Murmu conferred to .
- in Kathmandu.
- WHO declared as Nepal’s first and .
- Nepal became of .
- Yala Glacier in Langatang Valley likely to be declared .
- – climbed (world record).
- – also called in Nepal.
- Nepal to restrict to climbers who have scaled .
- Nepal–France launched (digitization + hydrological risk management).
- Jazzmandu – Jazz festival in Kathmandu.
- – VC, Kathmandu University.
- Swayambhu Festival – Kathmandu.
- – Chief Justice of Nepal.
- President Paudel appointed as PM; Appointed as .
- Arzu Rana Deuba – Foreign Minister of Nepal.
- – Nepal.
- inaugurated by .
- Hosted .
- Indian Army Chief Upendra Dwivedi conferred .
- India banned of goods from Pakistan (even via 3rd countries).
- Pakistan to declare after complaints from foreign nations.
- FIFA banned from 2026 World Cup.
- in response to :
→ Led by &
→ Used (“Kamikaze Drones”), , .
- Lahore – most polluted city (IQAir 2024).
- Salima Imtiaz – first woman from Pakistan in ICC Development Panel.
- Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) – Temporarily suspended.
- (ISI Chief) got additional charge of .
- Pakistan began on .
- Parliament appointed as next bypassing seniority, using .
- Huge found in Pakistan waters.
- Baloch declared , urged UN to recognize .
- Kashish Chaudhary – First Hindu woman Assistant Commissioner (Balochistan).
- Pakistan cited Article 51 of UN Charter against India (self-defense clause).
- – First woman , daughter of .
- First Sikh Minister – , Punjab.
- First minority – .
- agreed to .
- Presidential Election – won, defeating .
→ First time held.
- PM – , 3rd woman PM (after & ).
- PM Modi visited Sri Lanka – received .
- Chief Justice – .
- Speaker – .
- formed.
- Sri Lanka launched .
- retired from .
- India–Sri Lanka fixed energy price.
- – Kutchatheevu, Sri Lanka.
- Cancelled naval exercises with Pakistan after India’s objections.
- Declared: against another.
- Named – “Shakti”.
- Hosted – May 2025.
→ Theme: “Sustainable Indian Ocean for Future Generations”
- near (Operation Brahma).
- Largest .
- Eliminated in SEA region – ① ② ③ .
- suspended after a leaked phone call with former Cambodian PM .
- :
- declared due to a major earthquake.
- – first country in & third in Asia.
- → .
- → .
- held talks with .
- reached with a relic of to attend the .
- Approved rail link from (Vietnam) to the .
- World’s most polluted city – .
- “" – of end of .
- to attract foreign investors, skilled professionals etc.
- on teaching of .
- (June 2025).
- – first legally binding UN treaty on cybercrime; adopted; Vietnam to host a signing ceremony.
- .
- : Vietnam–India army exercise at .
- Withdrew proposal to give to countries that import its oil.
- : Ape, native to .
- Influenced by .
- (26 January 2025) – as chief guest (4th Indonesian leader; first on 26 Jan 1950).
- Theme: “”.
- Best Tableau from Ministry: .
- (Brazil current chair).
- Announced to join (not joined yet).
- 67th GBM → .
- : Mount Lewotobi Laki–Laki, (Halmahera Island), Mount Ibu, Mount Semeru (East Java), Mount Merapi (Java).
- India to restore the (Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh temples).
- visited Indonesia.
- met at Jakarta.
- First (International Org of Aids to Marine Navigation) @ Singapore; .
- – Honorary citizen of Singapore.
- : India–Singapore Army exercise at .
- First in Singapore.
- (People’s Action Party) re-elected as PM.
- Highest — ① ② ③ .
- (International Maritime Defence Exhibition Asia) → reached Singapore.
- : Singapore’s – best in world.
- visited the (established with Singapore’s support).
- launched at .
- — Singapore & Mauritius (Bhojpuri syllabus for govt. schools in Mauritius).
- → Delhi; virtually addressed from Singapore.
- → MoU on ; ; First in Singapore.
- .
- — Singapore.
- visited Brunei capital ; talks with .
- Visited .
- First bilateral visit by an ; announced “”.
- Welcomed at (world’s largest residential palace).
- due to rise in .
- (volcano).
- due to soaring .
- in – dispute with .
- – (India hosted).
- Established in .
- .
- – Chinese ; most downloaded free app on Apple in USA (surpassed ChatGPT).
- at .
- World’s largest ().
- – largest cargo drone.
- Largest ; export restriction on 7 rare earths.
- Potato production: ① ② (India to overtake by 2050).
- : ① ② ; , to become .
- Tested (magnesium hydride fusion).
- : asteroid sample return mission.
- : Mars sample return mission (2028).
- : lunar mission; .
- aboard – created ingredients via ; 3 astronauts incl. .
- ; ; (Pakistan–China).
- : longest (9 hrs) aboard Tiangong.
- – Artificial Sun.
- Developed .
- : China–Cambodia military exercise.
- Mobile manufacturing: ① ② .
- – new .
- : ① ③ .
- : ① ② (India 12th).
- – 1 April 2025.
- (USA first).
- World’s first commercial .
- – largest .
- : largest amphibious assault ship; .
- (China–Nepal).
- : ① ② ③ .
- : fastest train prototype.
- : largest compressed air energy storage project.
- : China topped.
- : ① ② (Central Silk Board HQ: ; in Mysuru).
- : against China (psychological, military, cyber).
- : India surpassed China.
- : Shanghai.
- : world’s first .
- : 2nd of China (only has more than one).
- met Japan officials at (maritime ties).
- – .
- Partner country in .
- .
- Built world’s first .
- Providing to India .
- World’s oldest woman – (died at 116).
- – epicentre near .
- – world’s first ().
- became after resignation of .
- .
- – defence communication satellite.
- with India.
- () for digital infrastructure in India.
- declared by (impeached).
- Current .
- Declared “” (20% population ≥65 years); 2nd in Asia after Japan.
- → .
- India to import from South Korea.
- fined over data collection.
- – Nobel Prize in Literature 2024 (The Vegetarian, Human Acts).
- – Delhi; .
- – Seoul ().
- – Incheon.
- re-elected as PM.
- Joined with (total 11 members).
- – ; participated; HQ ; 182 countries.
- between India’s and .
- signed.
- Largest ever found at .
- Held on nuclear power plant construction (; largest reserves – Australia).
- of crashed in Kazakhstan.
- to jointly produce in India.
- – ; (MoS Environment) participated.
- as .
- – (first time).
